Nuclear and mitochondrial multilocus phylogeny and survey of alkaloid content in true salamanders of the genus Salamandra (Salamandridae).
Identifieur interne : 000350 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000349; suivant : 000351Nuclear and mitochondrial multilocus phylogeny and survey of alkaloid content in true salamanders of the genus Salamandra (Salamandridae).
Auteurs : Miguel Vences [Allemagne] ; Eugenia Sanchez [Venezuela] ; J Susanne Hauswaldt [Allemagne] ; Daniel Eikelmann [Allemagne] ; Ariel Rodríguez [Allemagne] ; Salvador Carranza [Espagne] ; David Donaire [Espagne] ; Marcelo Gehara [Brésil] ; Véronique Helfer [Autriche] ; Stefan Lötters [Allemagne] ; Philine Werner [Allemagne] ; Stefan Schulz [Allemagne] ; Sebastian Steinfartz [Allemagne]Source :
- Molecular phylogenetics and evolution [ 1095-9513 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Alkaloids (analysis), Androstanes (analysis), Androstanes (chemistry), Animals, Azasteroids (analysis), Azasteroids (chemistry), Cell Nucleus (genetics), DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics), Genetic Loci (genetics), Haplotypes (genetics), Mediterranean Region, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Salamandra (classification), Salamandra (genetics), Salamandra (metabolism), Sequence Analysis, DNA, Toxins, Biological (analysis), Toxins, Biological (chemistry).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Alkaloids, Androstanes, Azasteroids, Toxins, Biological.
- chemical , chemistry : Androstanes, Azasteroids, Toxins, Biological.
- geographic : Mediterranean Region.
- classification : Salamandra.
- genetics : Cell Nucleus, DNA, Mitochondrial, Genetic Loci, Haplotypes, Salamandra.
- metabolism : Salamandra.
- Animals, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
Abstract
The genus Salamandra represents a clade of six species of Palearctic salamanders of either contrasted black-yellow, or uniformly black coloration, known to contain steroidal alkaloid toxins in high concentrations in their skin secretions. This study reconstructs the phylogeny of the genus Salamandra based on DNA sequences of segments of 10 mitochondrial and 13 nuclear genes from 31 individual samples representing all Salamandra species and most of the commonly recognized subspecies. The concatenated analysis of the complete dataset produced a fully resolved tree with most nodes strongly supported, suggesting that a clade composed of the Alpine salamander (S. atra) and the Corsican fire salamander (S. corsica) is the sister taxon to a clade containing the remaining species, among which S. algira and S. salamandra are sister species. Separate analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data partitions disagreed regarding basal nodes and in the position of the root but concordantly recovered the S. atra/S. corsica as well as the S. salamandra/S. algira relationship. A species-tree analysis suggested almost simultaneous temporal splits between these pairs of species, which we hypothesize was caused by vicariance events after the Messinian salinity crisis (from late Miocene to early Pliocene). A survey of toxins with combined gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy confirmed the presence of samandarine and/or samandarone steroidal alkaloids in all species of Salamandra as well as in representatives of their sister group, Lyciasalamandra. Samandarone was also detected in lower concentrations in other salamandrids including Calotriton, Euproctus, Lissotriton, and Triturus, suggesting that the presence and possible biosynthesis of this alkaloid is plesiomorphic within the Salamandridae.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.12.009
PubMed: 24412216
Affiliations:
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Electronic address: m.vences@tu-bs.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Eugenia" sort="Sanchez, Eugenia" uniqKey="Sanchez E" first="Eugenia" last="Sanchez">Eugenia Sanchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauswaldt, J Susanne" sort="Hauswaldt, J Susanne" uniqKey="Hauswaldt J" first="J Susanne" last="Hauswaldt">J Susanne Hauswaldt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eikelmann, Daniel" sort="Eikelmann, Daniel" uniqKey="Eikelmann D" first="Daniel" last="Eikelmann">Daniel Eikelmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Ariel" sort="Rodriguez, Ariel" uniqKey="Rodriguez A" first="Ariel" last="Rodríguez">Ariel Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carranza, Salvador" sort="Carranza, Salvador" uniqKey="Carranza S" first="Salvador" last="Carranza">Salvador Carranza</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donaire, David" sort="Donaire, David" uniqKey="Donaire D" first="David" last="Donaire">David Donaire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Asociación Herpetológica Fretum Gaditanum.Calle Mar Egeo 7, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Asociación Herpetológica Fretum Gaditanum.Calle Mar Egeo 7, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cádiz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehara, Marcelo" sort="Gehara, Marcelo" uniqKey="Gehara M" first="Marcelo" last="Gehara">Marcelo Gehara</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>DBEZ-Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DBEZ-Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, 59078-900 Natal, RN</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Norte</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Helfer, Veronique" sort="Helfer, Veronique" uniqKey="Helfer V" first="Véronique" last="Helfer">Véronique Helfer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Organismic Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>5020 Salzburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotters, Stefan" sort="Lotters, Stefan" uniqKey="Lotters S" first="Stefan" last="Lötters">Stefan Lötters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Werner, Philine" sort="Werner, Philine" uniqKey="Werner P" first="Philine" last="Werner">Philine Werner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, Stefan" sort="Schulz, Stefan" uniqKey="Schulz S" first="Stefan" last="Schulz">Stefan Schulz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinfartz, Sebastian" sort="Steinfartz, Sebastian" uniqKey="Steinfartz S" first="Sebastian" last="Steinfartz">Sebastian Steinfartz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>38106 Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecular phylogenetics and evolution</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9513</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alkaloids (analysis)</term><term>Androstanes (analysis)</term><term>Androstanes (chemistry)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Azasteroids (analysis)</term><term>Azasteroids (chemistry)</term><term>Cell Nucleus (genetics)</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)</term><term>Genetic Loci (genetics)</term><term>Haplotypes (genetics)</term><term>Mediterranean Region</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Phylogeography</term><term>Salamandra (classification)</term><term>Salamandra (genetics)</term><term>Salamandra (metabolism)</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Toxins, Biological (analysis)</term><term>Toxins, Biological (chemistry)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Alkaloids</term><term>Androstanes</term><term>Azasteroids</term><term>Toxins, Biological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Androstanes</term><term>Azasteroids</term><term>Toxins, Biological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Mediterranean Region</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Salamandra</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Nucleus</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term><term>Genetic Loci</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Salamandra</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Salamandra</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Phylogeography</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The genus Salamandra represents a clade of six species of Palearctic salamanders of either contrasted black-yellow, or uniformly black coloration, known to contain steroidal alkaloid toxins in high concentrations in their skin secretions. This study reconstructs the phylogeny of the genus Salamandra based on DNA sequences of segments of 10 mitochondrial and 13 nuclear genes from 31 individual samples representing all Salamandra species and most of the commonly recognized subspecies. The concatenated analysis of the complete dataset produced a fully resolved tree with most nodes strongly supported, suggesting that a clade composed of the Alpine salamander (S. atra) and the Corsican fire salamander (S. corsica) is the sister taxon to a clade containing the remaining species, among which S. algira and S. salamandra are sister species. Separate analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data partitions disagreed regarding basal nodes and in the position of the root but concordantly recovered the S. atra/S. corsica as well as the S. salamandra/S. algira relationship. A species-tree analysis suggested almost simultaneous temporal splits between these pairs of species, which we hypothesize was caused by vicariance events after the Messinian salinity crisis (from late Miocene to early Pliocene). A survey of toxins with combined gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy confirmed the presence of samandarine and/or samandarone steroidal alkaloids in all species of Salamandra as well as in representatives of their sister group, Lyciasalamandra. Samandarone was also detected in lower concentrations in other salamandrids including Calotriton, Euproctus, Lissotriton, and Triturus, suggesting that the presence and possible biosynthesis of this alkaloid is plesiomorphic within the Salamandridae.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Venezuela</li></country><region><li>Catalogne</li><li>Rio Grande do Norte</li></region></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vences, Miguel" sort="Vences, Miguel" uniqKey="Vences M" first="Miguel" last="Vences">Miguel Vences</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Eikelmann, Daniel" sort="Eikelmann, Daniel" uniqKey="Eikelmann D" first="Daniel" last="Eikelmann">Daniel Eikelmann</name><name sortKey="Hauswaldt, J Susanne" sort="Hauswaldt, J Susanne" uniqKey="Hauswaldt J" first="J Susanne" last="Hauswaldt">J Susanne Hauswaldt</name><name sortKey="Lotters, Stefan" sort="Lotters, Stefan" uniqKey="Lotters S" first="Stefan" last="Lötters">Stefan Lötters</name><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Ariel" sort="Rodriguez, Ariel" uniqKey="Rodriguez A" first="Ariel" last="Rodríguez">Ariel Rodríguez</name><name sortKey="Schulz, Stefan" sort="Schulz, Stefan" uniqKey="Schulz S" first="Stefan" last="Schulz">Stefan Schulz</name><name sortKey="Steinfartz, Sebastian" sort="Steinfartz, Sebastian" uniqKey="Steinfartz S" first="Sebastian" last="Steinfartz">Sebastian Steinfartz</name><name sortKey="Werner, Philine" sort="Werner, Philine" uniqKey="Werner P" first="Philine" last="Werner">Philine Werner</name></country><country name="Venezuela"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sanchez, Eugenia" sort="Sanchez, Eugenia" uniqKey="Sanchez E" first="Eugenia" last="Sanchez">Eugenia Sanchez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Carranza, Salvador" sort="Carranza, Salvador" uniqKey="Carranza S" first="Salvador" last="Carranza">Salvador Carranza</name></region><name sortKey="Donaire, David" sort="Donaire, David" uniqKey="Donaire D" first="David" last="Donaire">David Donaire</name></country><country name="Brésil"><region name="Rio Grande do Norte"><name sortKey="Gehara, Marcelo" sort="Gehara, Marcelo" uniqKey="Gehara M" first="Marcelo" last="Gehara">Marcelo Gehara</name></region></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Helfer, Veronique" sort="Helfer, Veronique" uniqKey="Helfer V" first="Véronique" last="Helfer">Véronique Helfer</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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